C-sections may be altering the course of human evolution, says childbirth research

Scientists are now of the view that the tendency since the 1950s and 1960s to opt for a Caesarean has caused babies to evolve bigger heads.

This has then prompted the huge increase in fetopelvic disproportion: when the fetal head is too big – or when the birth canal is too narrow – for natural childbirth.

The obstruction is "strikingly high" and now accounts for up to 6 per cent of all births worldwide.

It is estimated that Caesareans account for one in four births across the UK and a third of all births in the US.

“We predict that this weak directional selection has led to a 10 to 20 per cent increase in the rate of fetopelvic disproportion since the regular use of Caesarean sections,” said lead author Dr Philipp Mitteroecker, of the University of Vienna.

The research, entitled 'Cliff-edge model of obstetric selection in humans', was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Ameria.

The paper says that women's pelvic canals are not evolving to accommodate the increasingly larger brains and heads of babies.

"The strikingly high incidence of obstructed labour due to the disproportion of fetal size and the mother’s pelvic dimensions has puzzled evolutionary scientists for decades," the paper begins.

It goes on to say that Caesareans in industrialised countries have minimised the chances of women dying in childbirth, but that the trend of obstructive labours may increase and "induce an evolutionary change".

Factors include women brought up on nutritionally restricted diets tend to be shorter with narrower pelvises. But if they maintain a high protein diet soon before and during childbirth - this may lead to the disproportion.